Tonomia

Convertible Bond — Subscription

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SRL TONOMIA · BE 0802.716.273 · Confidential

TONOMIA · Convertible Bond Subscription — interactive form

bonds of €1,000
of the company (before interest)
indicative value at Series A target (25×)
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Tonomia
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT — SERIES A 2026

CONVERTIBLE BOND — SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT

[AMOUNT] · [NUMBER] bonds of €1,000 each · Series A 2026
Private placement under Belgian law, reserved for qualified and network investors. Confidential document — business plan summary annexed for information purposes.
Prepared for
[INVESTOR NAME]
Residing at: [ADDRESS]
“you”
By
SRL TONOMIA
Rue des Gaillettes 20, 4651 Herve, Belgium
Company number BE 0802.716.273
Represented by its CEO, Mr. Mustapha Belhabib — “we”
Reference
CB · Series A 2026
Issue date
May 2026
Payment due by
7 August 2026
Contact
Mustapha Belhabib
Face value
€1,000 / bond
Interest
6% per year
Conversion
€10M valuation
Series A target
> €250M · 25×

This agreement is entered into between SRL TONOMIA, a Belgian company with registered office at Rue des Gaillettes 20, 4651 Herve, company number BE 0802.716.273, represented by its CEO Mr. Mustapha Belhabib (“we”), and [INVESTOR NAME], residing at [ADDRESS] (“you”). Together we are the “parties”.

TonoForge unitTonomia site
CONFIDENTIAL — This document is intended solely for the addressee and contains proprietary commercial information.
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Tonomia
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT — SERIES A 2026

1.  What you are buying

You invest [AMOUNT] by purchasing [NUMBER] convertible bonds of €1,000 each. A convertible bond is a loan that later converts into shares of the company instead of being repaid in cash. Your bonds convert at a company valuation of €10 million; until then, they bear interest at 6% per year, added to the amount that converts.

As an indication, €1,000,000 would represent 10% of the company at this valuation; your investment represents approximately [X]% (before interest). Our Series A targets a company valuation above €250 million; under this objective, your stake would be worth 25× — approximately [VALUE].

2.  Payment

You pay [AMOUNT] in full by bank transfer to Tonomia's account below. Payment must be issued by 7 August 2026. Please state your name in the payment reference. Your bonds are issued upon receipt of the funds and our counter-signature. This account is the only one we will ever ask you to pay into — if you receive payment instructions from any other source, contact us first.

Account holderSRL TONOMIA
BankING
IBANBE78 3632 7306 9386
BIC / SWIFTBBRUBEBB
Payment referenceCONVERTIBLE BONDS — [INVESTOR NAME]

3.  Conversion of your bonds into shares

Your bonds convert into ordinary shares of Tonomia, at the €10 million valuation, upon the Series A: immediately before the closing of our next fundraising round (targeted for July 2026), the bonds and accrued interest convert automatically; you then join the round alongside the existing shareholders.

Shares received = (your investment + interest) ÷ the price per share at the €10 million valuation, rounded down to the nearest whole share.

4.  Your rights

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Tonomia
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT — SERIES A 2026

How your investment rewards you

Each share entitles its holder to a proportional part of the profits the company decides to distribute: holding 1% of the shares entitles you to 1% of the dividends. In Belgium, dividends are subject to a 30% withholding tax.

Illustrative example — a €100,000 investment

You invest €100,000: at the €10 million conversion valuation, you obtain approximately 1% of the company. At the Series A round (targeted within 6 to 9 months), the company aims for a €250 million valuation: new investors — such as AMD and NVIDIA — would contribute €50M in exchange for 20% of the capital (€50M ÷ 20% = €250M). Your 1% would then be worth approximately €2.5M.

To bring in this €50M, each shareholder mechanically gives up 20% of their stake: 1% would become 0.8%. Exception: shareholders holding less than 2.5% of the company keep their full stake at the Series A.

How to recover your investment

These amounts are given for illustrative purposes only, based on valuation objectives that are not guaranteed; they constitute neither a promise of return nor a guarantee of liquidity. Dividends are paid only upon decision of the general meeting.

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Tonomia
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT — SERIES A 2026

5.  Identity verification

Before issuing your bonds, we verify your identity, as Belgian and European law requires for every investor. We do so based on the information you provide in the box below. If you pay from your own bank account within the EU, we do not ask for the origin of the funds; for payments from outside the EU, we ask for simple documentary evidence of their origin.

6.  General provisions

By signing, you confirm that you act for your own account, with lawful funds. This agreement and the annexed term sheet (30 April 2026) constitute the entire agreement between us; in case of discrepancy, this agreement prevails. Any amendment must be in writing and signed by both of us; signature in several counterparts, including electronically, is valid. It is governed by Belgian law, with the courts of Liège having jurisdiction.

Your information — completed from the form above

Full name[INVESTOR NAME]
Date & place of birth[ to be completed ]
Passport / ID card number[ to be completed ]
Home address[ADDRESS]
E-mail and phone[ to be completed ]
Country of tax residence[ to be completed ]

Battice, ____ / ____ / 2026.

For SRL Tonomia
Dr. Mustapha Belhabib
Founder & CEO — SRL Tonomia
Date  ·  Signature
For the investor
[INVESTOR NAME]
Investor
Date  ·  Signature
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Tonomia
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT — SERIES A 2026
ANNEX — FOR INFORMATION PURPOSES

TONOMIA SRL · Series A 2026

Executive summary · 3-page note · Problem · Solution · Benchmark · Strengths · Financial opportunities

01  The Problem — Energy is the bottleneck of European AI

AI compute is concentrated; European energy is distributed. Hyperscale-class workloads require more than 100 MW per site, while Europe's clean-energy supply sits in pockets of 1 to 40 MW: biomethane, biogas, solar, hydro, energy recovery from agricultural waste. Hundreds of these sites have primary power, fibre and physical space behind the meter — together representing gigawatts unusable by today's AI infrastructure.

02  The Solution — TonoForge™ unlocks Europe's distributed energy

Tonomia is the only European company solving both constraints simultaneously. TonoForge™ is a complete AI factory integrated into a single 20-foot ISO container: 300 kW of compute, direct liquid cooling with N+1 CDU redundancy, LFP battery storage with ×2 amplification, off-grid coupling (gas, biogas, solar), TonoFabric™ orchestration, fibre networking, dual fire-resistant compartments, and four-mode rooftop thermal management — pre-integrated and factory-tested before shipment.

80 MW behind the meter are already secured in Belgium and Germany via letters of intent and exclusivity agreements. The demand pipeline now extends to the Middle East, the United States, Africa and Asia.

Series A raise
€50M
Pre-money cap
€250M
Behind the meter secured (BE+DE)
80 MW
CAPEX — 2× lower
€7.5M/MW
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Tonomia
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT — SERIES A 2026

03  Benchmark — TonoForge™ versus the market

On every dimension that matters to an AI-infrastructure investor — speed, cost, density, energy flexibility and intellectual property — TonoForge™ outperforms both hyperscale builds and existing containerised modular solutions.

ParameterTonoForge™Market reference
Deployment time5 to 20 weeks, from site to commissioning3 to 7 years (conventional DC)
Infrastructure cost / MW€7.5M (TonoForge €2.5M + Site €5M)€10 to 15M (JLL 2026)
Total cost / MW (incl. GPU)€30.5M€38 to 50M typical
PUE≤ 1.05 (absorption + heat recovery)1.3 – 1.6
Power density / container300 kW per 20-foot (600 kW roadmap)100 to 150 kW per 40-foot
Energy sourceOff-grid: biomethane, biogas, solar, hydroGrid-dependent
GPU supplyAMD priority + NVIDIA INCEPTIONSingle-vendor, 18-month lead time
IP protection22 patent families, FTO confirmedNone

The all-in CAPEX of €30.5M/MW (€7.5M infrastructure + €23M GPU stack) is 10 to 25% below the hyperscaler equivalent (€33 to 45M/MW), with 2× faster deployment. The infrastructure is financed by Series A equity and equipment financing secured on long-lived physical assets; the GPU stack is financed against signed offtake over a 6-year cycle.

04  Strengths — Why it is decisive

Strategic advantageStatus vs market
12-week deployment, behind any meterNot replicated. Competitors require a grid connection and a permit. Tonomia does away with both.
Energy-coupled, off-grid by designUnique. No other AI-infrastructure company integrates energy generation into manufacturing. 80 MW BTM secured BE + DE.
AMD + MiTAC + NVIDIA supply chainGPU access in 12 weeks vs an 18-month NVIDIA Blackwell wait. AMD priority, MiTAC OEM active, NVIDIA INCEPTION in progress.
EU sovereignty by architectureBelgian law at the point of deployment. Native GDPR / NIS2 / DORA / EHDS / AI Act. No exposure to the US CLOUD Act.
Distributed resilienceMore than 50 independent nodes. TonoFabric™ reroutes automatically within seconds. The loss of one site = less than 2% of network capacity.
22 patent families · FTO confirmedPCT extension in October 2026. Roughly 3 to 5 years for a competitor to design around the energy-coupled architecture.
Demand-driven, 100% utilisation from day 1Every MW is deployed against signed offtake. No idle GPU revenue loss vs a 12 to 36-month hyperscaler ramp-up at 15-30%.
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Tonomia
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT — SERIES A 2026

05  Financial opportunities — Series A 2026

Instrument: senior unsecured convertible bond (Belgian law). Raise: €50M (minimum ticket €500k; lead up to €25M). Pre-money cap: €250M. Interest: 6.5% p.a., capitalised, converted with the principal. Conversion: mandatory at the Series B closing; optional at month 12. Series B bonus: +25% contractual additional shares for all subscribers. Protections: MFN, anti-dilution, auto-conversion upon change of control, pro-rata right, board observer, quarterly reporting.

Consolidated 5-year income statement (management estimates, in millions of euros)

M€Year 1Year 2Year 3Year 4Year 5
Revenue369.01,162.01,551.91,007.41,007.4
GPU-as-a-Service EU7.273.1104.9104.9104.9
USA & Middle East361.71,088.91,447.0902.5902.5
EBITDA155.8422.3700.6510.1510.1
EBITDA margin %42.2%36.3%45.1%50.6%50.6%
Net income126.6321.8544.2383.6385.0
Cumulative cash flow127.3452.81,001.11,387.11,772.9

Two streams: (1) GPU-as-a-Service EU — recurring, billed daily, ~62% gross margin from each site's commissioning; (2) container manufacturing USA/Middle East — transactional, 14-25% gross margin, via MiTAC and EpicSemi. Cumulative 5-year revenue: €5.1bn, cumulative cash flow: €1.77bn, EBITDA margins of 42 to 51%.

Use of funds (€50M)

06  Opportunities and Projections for the Series B

ScenarioSeries B valuationReturn multiple (with +25% bonus)
Conservative€500M2.0× + 25% bonus
Base case€750M – €1,000M3.0× – 4.0× + 25% bonus
Upside€1,500M+6.0×+ + 25% bonus

Indicative Series B: €750M+, benchmarked vs Tonomia's competitors of similar age Armada €2bn, Nscale €14.6bn, Crusoe €10bn, Nebius €24bn, IREN €17bn.

Potential investors

Series A: AMD, Waed Ventures, Spire Ventures, Wallonie Entreprendre, Noshaq, SFPI, EIC.
Series B: AMD, MiTAC, BNP Paribas Fortis, Belfius, EIC.

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Tonomia
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT — SERIES A 2026
ANNEX 2 — FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES

Understanding shares in an unlisted company

Tonomia is a private company: its shares are not listed on a stock exchange. They operate under the rules below, common to all unlisted companies under Belgian law.

1. What is a share?

A share is a fraction of the ownership of the company. It confers three main rights: to vote at the general meeting (in proportion to one's stake), to receive dividends when the company distributes profits, and to receive one's share of the proceeds if the company is sold or liquidated.

2. Registered shares, with no stock market

The shares of an unlisted company are registered: they are recorded in the company's shareholder register, in the name of their owner. There is no market where they can be freely bought or sold: a transfer takes place privately, by written agreement, and most often requires the company's prior consent — as this agreement provides.

3. How is the value determined?

Without a stock market price, the value of a share is not measured continuously. It is set at each fundraising round: the price paid by the new investors sets the company's reference valuation (for example, €50M invested for 20% of the capital values the company at €250M). Between two rounds, the value remains theoretical: it only becomes real at the moment of a transaction.

4. How does a shareholder make money?

5. Dilution at fundraising rounds

To raise funds, the company issues new shares to the incoming investors: each existing shareholder's percentage mechanically decreases — this is dilution. Holding a smaller percentage of a much more valuable company is generally still a win: 0.8% of a €250M company (€2M) is worth far more than 1% of a €10M company (€100k). For the Series A, Tonomia has provided an exception: shareholders holding less than 2.5% of the capital are not diluted and keep their full stake.

6. Risks to be aware of

This annex is provided for educational purposes only and constitutes neither investment advice nor tax or legal advice.

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